![]() Among several multifactorial mechanisms linking ALAN exposure and health risks, suppression of melatonin secretion plays a pivotal role leading to alterations in circadian rhythm patterns, that are detrimental in terms of appetite regulation, and dysfunctions in metabolic signalling and cell growth in cancer. ![]() More recently, also indoor ALAN exposure has been investigated. Ecological and epidemiologic studies highlight the association between exposure to ALAN and several diseases, mainly obesity and cancer. Exposure to outdoor ALAN is very frequent in industrialised countries due to nocturnal light pollution and the relevant involvement of the total workforce in shift work and night work. Considering the pilot nature of this study, further research is needed with higher sample sizes.Įxposure to artificial light at night (ALAN) has been associated with disruption of the circadian system, which has been pointed out to have detrimental effects on health. On the contrary, the transition back to ST, which implies a phase delay, is characterized by a faster adaptation and maintenance of internal synchronization, despite the fact that exposure to natural light would favor a phase advance. However, the synchronizing signals provided by natural and personal light exposure are not in line with such an advance, which results in internal desynchronization and the need for longer synchronization times. ![]() Our results indicate that the transition to DST seems to force the circadian system to produce a phase advance to adapt to the new time. To assess internal desynchronization, the possible shift in TM5 for wrist temperature and TL5 for time in movement were compared. TM5 for wrist temperature was set as circadian time 0 h, and the balance between advances and delays considering the phase response curve to light was calculated individually before and after both DST transitions. The following night phase markers were calculated: midpoints of the five consecutive hours of maximum wrist temperature (TM5) and the five consecutive hours of minimum time in movement (TL5), sleep onset and offset, as well as sleep duration and light intensity. To accomplish this, eight healthy adults (33 ± 11 years old, mean ± SD) were recruited to monitor multivariable circadian markers and light exposure by means of a wearable ambulatory monitoring device: Kronowise®. Considering that DST transitions modify human behavior and, therefore, people’s light exposure patterns, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential effects of DST on circadian variables, considering sleep and, for the first time, the human phase response curve to light. However, very few have monitored participants while maintaining their usual lifestyle before and after DST. Several studies have investigated the relationship between daylight saving time (DST) and sleep alterations, psychiatric disorders, cardiovascular events and traffic accidents. By targeting the temporal dimension of wildlife-vehicle collisions, strategies such as year-round daylight saving time that reduce traffic during dark hours, especially during the breeding season of abundant ungulates, would yield substantial benefits for wildlife conservation and reduce the social and economic costs of deer-vehicle collisions. In contrast, permanent standard time is predicted to increase collisions by an even larger magnitude, incurring an additional US$2.39 billion in costs. By reducing traffic after dark, our model predicts that year-round daylight saving time would prevent 36,550 deer (Odocoileus sp.) deaths, 33 human deaths, 2,054 human injuries, and US$1.19 billion in collision costs annually. The switch from daylight saving to standard time in autumn causes peak traffic volumes to shift from before sunset to after sunset, leading to a 16% spike in deer-vehicle collisions. Based on 1,012,465 deer-vehicle collisions and 96 million hourly traffic observations across the United States, we show that collisions are 14 times more frequent 2 hours after sunset than before sunset, highlighting the importance of traffic during dark hours as a key determinant of deer-vehicle collision risk. Here, we harness the biannual shift between standard and daylight saving time as a natural experiment to reveal how the timing of human activity influences deer-vehicle collisions. Overlap between wildlife and human activity is key to causing wildlife-vehicle collisions, a globally pervasive and growing source of wildlife mortality.1,2 Policies regarding clock time often involve abrupt seasonal shifts in human activity, potentially influencing rates of human-wildlife conflict.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |